# CVE-2020-28188: TerraMaster TOS - RCE

> Live exploitation tracking for CVE-2020-28188 by the CrowdSec Live Exploit Tracker, built from real-world attack data crowdsourced from CrowdSec's global network.

Page: https://tracker.crowdsec.net/cves/CVE-2020-28188

## Key facts

- **Exploitation phase:** Limited Exploitation. The vulnerability is known but shows very limited attacker interest or exploitation activity.
- **CVSS score:** 9.8
- **Public exploit available:** Yes
- **Affected products:** TerraMaster TOS
- **Weaknesses:** CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'))
- **Tags:** nas

## Description

Remote Command Execution (RCE) vulnerability in TerraMaster TOS <= 4.2.06 allow remote unauthenticated attackers to inject OS commands via /include/makecvs.php in Event parameter.

## CrowdSec analysis

[CVE-2020-28188](https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/CVE-2020-28188) is a critical vulnerability in TerraMaster TOS that permits unauthenticated remote command execution through improper handling of input parameters.

CrowdSec has been tracking this vulnerability and its exploits since 6th of June 2025.

CrowdSec network observations suggest that most exploitation of CVE-2020-28188 involves focused reconnaissance to identify viable targets. Attackers typically tailor their campaigns based on system exposure and configuration. It is unlikely that a given attack is accidental.
CrowdSec network telemetry also shows that exploitation of CVE-2020-28188 has significantly declined over the past week. Attack volumes are well below the long-term average, suggesting attackers are rapidly losing interest. The vulnerability appears to be falling out of active use across most threat landscapes.

Observed exploitation attempts often target requests involving `/include/makecvs.php` or `/tos/index.php?explorer/pathlist`.

## Timeline

- 2020-12-24: CVE Published. CVE-2020-28188 is published to NVD.
- 2025-06-06: Rule Released. CrowdSec releases a rule to detect CVE-2020-28188 exploitation attempts against the CrowdSec Network.
- 2025-06-16: CrowdSec First Seen. CrowdSec observes in-the-wild exploitation of CVE-2020-28188 for the first time.

## References

- https://www.ihteam.net/advisory/terramaster-tos-multiple-vulnerabilities/
- https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2020/CVE-2020-28188.yaml

## Live exploitation data

The [Live Exploit Tracker page](https://tracker.crowdsec.net/cves/CVE-2020-28188) follows observed exploitation activity for CVE-2020-28188. [Request an API key](https://tracker.crowdsec.net/request-api-key) for full access to its exploitation timeline, attacking IP addresses and blocklists.